Friday, January 29, 2016

Global slowdown triggered by China offers India a golden opportunity


                                                               K R Sudhaman


India is in a sweet spot as global economy is not looking good in the face of market turmoil in China. A global recession triggered by poor showing of European economy had hit badly the export led growth model of China, whose economy grew by 6.9 per cent in 2015, the slowest in two decades. Following this slowdown, high commodity prices had started correcting exerting more pressure on China down turn. The massive over investment in China in steel, cement, shipbuilding, petrochemicals, real estate and other infrastructure sectors began to burst. This volatality in equity and commodity markets did not augur well for the global and Chinese economies. Global economy may not be in a crisis as in 2008 during the financial meltdown but it is certainly not out of the woods and outlook for global economy is certainly bearish in 2016.
In such a scenario, there will certainly be some ripple effect on India but there will be no menace as is happening elsewhere in the world. This is because India is now a reviving economy with strong fundamentals. The current account deficit is below one per cent of GDP, Inflation is down though there is some increase in food inflation lately and foreign exchange reserved comfortable and swelling. The fiscal deficit has been reined in and is withing manageable limit of less than four per cent and is falling further partly because sharp fall in commodity prices particularly oil, which has pushed down drastically subsidy bill. It has also helped in increasing indirect tax revenue because increase in excise duty to pre-crisis level.
This is the time for India to get its act together and Finance Minister Arun Jaitley rightly put it at the World Economic Forum summit at Davos. Exuding confidence on the Indian Economy, Jaitley said India would utilise the headroom available to get some additional growth engines going through efforts to revive private investments.
Several speakers at the ongoing Davos Summit in stressing that India will be the next growth engine of the World with the picture in China and Europe gloomy. It is not very good in US as well. Reserve Bank of India Governor Raghuram Rajan has aptly summed up India's comfortable situation. He termed India as a recovering economy, despite weak global markets and two consecutive years of poor rain. As these things turn, growth will get stronger, he said. When the growth rate is falling elsewhere in the World, India's growth is increasing to become the fastest growing economy in the world. Of course India is growing to its potential as yet at 9-10 per cent annually. For that to happen, India needs to push investments in infrastructure and kick-start private investment to get the economy firing all fronts. The fall in commodity prices will help in pushing investments in infrastructure as input costs in steel, cement and the like will come down substantially.
The General Budget to be presented to Parliament by Jaitley on February 29 provides an opportunity to push reforms so as to get its house to convert the global challenges to opportunity to take the Indian Economy to new high. This is a golden opportunity for India to become an economic power. We had similar opportunity in 2004-05 and we missed the bus. Hope we do not miss the bus this time. If we get it right this time the 21st century would belong to India, which is not only in sweet spot but also it has has the demographic dividend with 65 per cent of the 1.25 billion population below the age of 35 years. The country is geared to cash in on this once in a lifetime opportunity. The general budget, particularly game changing tax reforms like GST, bankruptcy law, make in India hold the key.
So far India has not been able to grow to its potential barring 2004-08 when the economy clocked nearly a double-digit annual growth. One of the major reasons for growing to our potential is corruption at all levels right from the top to bottom. This is a menace that is deep-rooted in the country and Prime Minister Narendra Modi showed lot of promise to end this menace, when he secured majority in Lok Sabha elections in 2014, first time any party has done in the last 30 years. But so far there is no visible effort to end this corruption menace so as to ensure the economy marched ahead.



(K R Sudhaman, who has been a journalist for over 40 years)



 

Saturday, January 16, 2016

рдХृрд╖ि рднूрдоि рдкрд░ рдорд╣िрд▓ाрдУं рдХा рдмреЭрддा рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░

                                                        рдЖрд╢ीрд╖ рдХुрдоाрд░ ‘рдЕंрд╢ु’

рдорд╣िрд▓ाрдУं рдХे рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рдоें рджेрд╢ рдХी рдЗрд╕ рд╕рдордп 01 рдХрд░ोреЬ 65 рд▓ाрдЦ рд╣ेрдХ्рдЯेрдпрд░ рдХृрд╖ि рднूрдоि рд╣ै। рдЬो рджेрд╢ рдХी рдХुрд▓ рдХृрд╖ि рдпोрдЧ्рдп рднूрдоि рдХा 10.30 рдлीрд╕рджी рд╣िрд╕्рд╕ा рд╣ै


рд╡िрд╢्рд╡ рдмैрдХ рдж्рд╡ाрд░ा рд╣ाрд▓ рдоंे рдХिрдП рдЧрдП рдЕрдз्рдпрдпрди рд╕े рдпрд╣ рдмाрдд рд╕्рдкрд╖्рдЯ рд╣ुрдИ рд╣ै рдХि рднाрд░рдд рдХी рдХृрд╖ि рднूрдоि рдкрд░ рдЕрдм рдорд╣िрд▓ाрдУं рдХा рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ рдмреЭा рд╣ै। 2001-11 рдХे рдк्рд░ाрдк्рдд рдЖंрдХреЬों рдХो рдЖрдзाрд░ рдмрдиाрдХрд░ рдХिрдП рдЧрдП рдЕрдз्рдпрдпрди рдоें рдкाрдпा рдЧрдпा рд╣ै рдХि рдРрд╕ी рдЬрдоीрди рдЬिрд╕ рдкрд░ рдорд╣िрд▓ाрдУं рдХा рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ рд╣ै, рдЬिрд╕ рдкрд░ рдЙрдирдХा рдиिрдпंрдд्рд░рдг рд╣ै, рдЬिрд╕ рдЬрдоीрди рдкрд░ рд╡े рдЦुрдж рдЦेрддी рдХрд░ рд░рд╣ीं рд╣ैं, рдРрд╕ी рдЬрдоीрди рдоें рдЗрд╕ рджрд╢рдХ рдоें рддेрдЬी рд╕े рд╡ृрдж्рдзि рд╣ुрдИ рд╣ै।
рд╡ैрд╕े рдЗрд╕ рддेрдЬी рд╕े рд╣ुрдИ рд╡ृрдж्рдзि рдХे рдмाрдж рднी рдорд╣िрд▓ाрдУं рдХे рдХрдм्рдЬे рдоें рджрд╕ рдлीрд╕рджी рд╣ी рдЬрдоीрди рд╣ै। рдорд╣िрд▓ाрдУं рдХी рднाрдЧीрджाрд░ी рдХी рдмाрдд рдХрд░ें рддो рдХृрд╖ि рднूрдоि рдкрд░ рдЗрд╕рдоंे 36 рдлीрд╕рджी рдХी рд╡ृрдж्рдзि рд╣ुрдИ рд╣ै। рд╡рд╣ीं рдЗрд╕ рджрд╢рдХ рдоें рдЙрдирдХे рдиिрдпंрдд्рд░рдг рдХे рднूрдоि рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░рдлрд▓ рдоें 24 рдлीрд╕рджी рдХी рдмреЭोрдд्рддрд░ी рд╣ुрдИ рд╣ै। рдЕрдм рдпрд╣ рдЬाрдирдиा рджिрд▓рдЪрд╕्рдк рд╣ोрдЧा рдХि рдорд╣िрд▓ाрдУं рдоें рдЬрд╣ां рдоाрд▓िрдХाрдиा рд╣рдХ рдХो рд▓ेрдХрд░ 36 рдлीрд╕рджी рдХी рд╡ृрдж्рдзी рджрд░्рдЬ рдХी рдЧрдИ, рд╡рд╣ीं рдкुрд░ुрд╖ों рдХे рдмीрдЪ рдпрд╣ рд╡ृрдж्рдзि рдорд╣рдЬ 13 рдлीрд╕рджी рд╣ै। рдЗрд╕ рдмीрдЪ рдорд╣िрд▓ाрдУं рдХा рдЬрдоीрди рдкрд░ рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ рдЬрд╣ां 24 рдлीрд╕рджी рдмреЭा рд╣ै, рд╡рд╣ीं рдкुрд░ुрд╖ों рдХा рдХृрд╖ि рднूрдоि рдкрд░ рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ 02 рдлीрд╕рджी рдХрдо рд╣ुрдЖ рд╣ै।
рдорд╣िрд▓ाрдУं рдХे рдиिрдпंрдд्рд░рдг рдоंे рджेрд╢ рдХी рдХृрд╖ि рднूрдоि рдХी рдмреЭोрдд्рддрд░ी рдПрдХ рд╢ुрдн рд╕ंрдХेрдд рд╣ै। рднाрд░рдд рдоंे рд╣рдо рдЬाрдирддे рд╣ैं рдХि рдкाрд░ंрдкрд░िрдХ рддौрд░ рд╕े рдорд╣िрд▓ाрдЖंे рдХो рдкुрд░ुрд╖ांे рдХे рдоुрдХाрдмрд▓े рдХрдо рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ рдоिрд▓े рд╣ै। рдпрд╣ рдмाрдд рд╡िрд╢्рд╡ рдмैंрдХ рдХे рдЕрдз्рдпрдпрди рд╕े рднी рд╕ाрдмिрдд рд╣ुрдИ рд╣ै рдХि рдорд╣िрд▓ाрдУं рдХा рдЬрдоीрди рдкрд░ рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ рд╣ोрдЧा рддो рдпрд╣ рдЙрдирдХे рдЖрдд्рдорд╡िрд╢्рд╡ाрд╕ рдХो рдмреЭाрдПрдЧा। рдЙрди्рд╣ें рдЖрдд्рдордиिрд░्рднрд░ рдмрдиाрдПрдЧा। рдЗрд╕рд╕े рджेрд╢ рдоें рдЙрдирдХी рдЖрд░्рдеिрдХ рд╕ाрдоाрдЬिрдХ рд╕्рдеिрддि рдоें рднी рд╕ुрдзाрд░ рдЖрдПрдЧा।
рдорд╣िрд▓ाрдЖंे рдХे рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рдоें рджेрд╢ рдХी рдЗрд╕ рд╕рдордп 01 рдХрд░ोреЬ 65 рд▓ाрдЦ рд╣ेрдХ्рдЯेрдпрд░ рдХृрд╖ि рднूрдоि рд╣ै। рдЬो рджेрд╢ рдХी рдХुрд▓ рдХृрд╖ि рдпोрдЧ्рдп рднूрдоि рдХा 10.30 рдлीрд╕рджी рд╣िрд╕्рд╕ा рд╣ै।
рдЗрд╕ рдЕрдз्рдпрдпрди рдХे рд╕ाрд░्рд╡рдЬрдиिрдХ рд╣ोрдиे рдХे рдХुрдЫ рджिрдиों рдкрд╣рд▓े рдЧ्рд░ाрдоीрдг рд╡िрдХाрд╕ рд░ाрдЬ्рдп рдоंрдд्рд░ी рд╕ुрджрд░्рд╢рди рднрдЧрдд рдиे рдХрд╣ा рдеा рдХि рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рд╕्рдд्рд░ी рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ों рдХे рд▓िрдП рджेрд╢ рд╡्рдпाрдкी рдЬाрдЧрд░ूрдХрддा рдХा рдПрдХ рдХाрд░्рдпрдХ्рд░рдо рдк्рд░ाрд░ंрдн рдХрд░рдиे рд╡ाрд▓ी рд╣ै। рдЬो рдорд╣िрд▓ाрдУं рдХे рд╕ाрдоाрдЬिрдХ рдЖрд░्рдеिрдХ рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░, рдХाрдиूрдиी рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ рдФрд░ рднूрдоि рдкрд░ рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ рдХो рд▓ेрдХрд░ рд╕рдоाрдЬ рдоें рдЬो рдкूрд░्рд╡ाрдЧ्рд░рд╣ рдФрд░ рднेрджрднाрд╡ рдХी рд╕ोрдЪ рд╣ै, рдЙрд╕े рджूрд░ рдХрд░рдиे рдХा рдк्рд░рдпाрд╕ рдХрд░ेрдЧी।
рдорд╣िрд▓ाрдУं рдХे рдмреЭрддे рдХрджрдоों рдХो рдк्рд░рдоाрдгिрдд рдХрд░рддा рдпрд╣ рдЕрдз्рдпрдпрди рдмрджрд▓ाрд╡ рдХी рдЖрд╣рдЯ рд╣ै, рдЗрд╕े рд╕ुрдиे рдФрд░ рдЗрд╕ рдмрджрд▓ाрд╡ рдХा рд╣рдо рд╕рдм рдоिрд▓рдХрд░ рд╕्рд╡ाрдЧрдд рдХрд░ें। рдХ्рдпोंрдХि рд╕्рдд्рд░ी рдкुрд░ुрд╖ рдмрд░ाрдмрд░ी рд╕िрд░्рдл рд░ाрдЬрдиीрддिрдХ рдиाрд░ा рдмрдирдХрд░ рдиा рд░рд╣ рдЬाрдП।

Tuesday, December 22, 2015

Gloom & doom on farm front

                                                    K.A.Badarinath

Second consecutive drought owing to monsoon failure has brought gloom to our farmers and rural distress is on spread across the country.

While our worthy Parliamentarians slug it out on “unworthy” issues during the month-long winter session, the life in rural India continues to become worse with spread of monsoon misery.

The narrative on farm front continues to chronicle pain and suffering of our farmers while Delhites are worried about rather mundane issue of an odd and even numbers plan for movement of their cars beginning 2016.

Cotton and basmati growers in Punjab to sugarcane farmers in Western Uttar Pradesh, the story is that of utter gloom and pain with no state compensation or insurance companies coming to their aid. White fly attack and low prices has worsened farmers’ lives in Punjab. Non-payment of sugarcane arrears has pushed farmers in Western Uttar Pradesh to despair.

Same is the story of farmers in Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Maharastra where they continue to be trampled by the vicious money lenders given monsoon failures.

Low commodity prices, virus attack and failure of monsoon has ensured regular reports of farmers suicides while the states and centre have become mute spectators to their desperate acts of ending lives.

When Indian Express detailed the suicides of five farmers in 30 days across the drought prone Nabarangpur in Odisha, the district’s officials and Naveen Pattanaik government in Bhubaneshwar claimed there were other reasons for these deaths. Officials even disputed the fact that they were farmers.

Fourteen farmers’ deaths in Madhya Pradesh had chief minister Shivraj Singh Chauhan sit up as many of them are from his home district of Vidisha as the soya crop failed due to monsoon failure and yellow virus hit the white lentils or urad crop.

Madhya Pradesh has declared 41 out of 50 districts drought hit and requested Rs 10,000 crore to tackle one of worst farm crises in the state.

This phenomenon of drought is not just limited to Madhya Pradesh. In fact, half of 600 districts across 18 states are in the grip of continued drought. If agriculture experts were to be believed, only four times in last 100 years that the country experienced back to back droughts. And, the year coming to an end is one of the worst.

All pervasive opinion is that the rural economy has come to a grinding halt, centre and states will have to think out of the box to tackle this crisis.

But does the moot question is does the political leadership at centre and states have this as the priority? Would they go beyond Delhi to look at life on farm lands is the moot question.

Agrarian economy needs immediate attention, issue specific to each state needs different solution to tide over the crisis.

Thursday, December 17, 2015

Poison on platter

                                               G Sreedathan

The food we eat is the cause of about 90 per cent of our diseases and health problems. With increase in affluence and pressures of modern life, we started punishing our bodies, knowingly or unknowingly. Besides, those who produce and sell food items and other dietary products, in the lure of money, often indulge in food adulteration. Even permissible ingredients in food items sometimes cause serious health problems.

Although there are sufficient legislations to prevent, they have failed to curb the menace. The aim of Prevention of Food Adulteration Act is to ensure that consumers get pure and wholesome and also prevent fraud or deception. The initial legislation had loopholes and hence the Act has been amended three times in 1964, 1976 and in 1986. The punishments have been made more stringent and Consumers and Voluntary Organizations have been empowered to play a more effective role in its implementation. The PFA Act is in the list of the constitution but it is enforced by the State/U.T Governments. The major role of Central Government is as an advisory in its implementation.
The first law to regulate the quality of food was made in the country 1899. Up till 1954 the states made their own food laws and there were substantial differences in the rules and specifications of the food. This hindered inter-provincial trade. The Central Government is empowered by the Constitution of India for making legislations on Food and Drugs Adulteration. A legislation called Prevention of Food adulteration Act (PFA) was endorsed in the year 1954 for making uniformity in food laws all over India. It came into effect from 15 June, 1955.
Prevention of Food Adulteration Programme: The under PFA Rules have been amended several times and quality standards for about 250 food articles which are commonly consumed in India have been fixed. Implementation of food standards in corporation/municipal area rests with the local bodies. These bodies employ their own food inspectors for examination and maintenance of standards. They are responsible for licensing of food industries/establishments as well.

The Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (FSSA) was passed by Parliament in August 2006.  After this legislation came into effect the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 stands revoked. However the standards, safety requirements and other provisions of the Act and the rules and regulations made under Prevention of Food Adulteration Act are still followed by this act until new standards are specified under this Act or rules and regulations made.
Provided that anything done or any action taken under the enactment and Orders under repeal shall be deemed to have been done or taken under the corresponding provisions of this Act and shall continue in force accordingly unless and until superseded by anything done or by any action taken under this Act. Owing to trade in food commodities globally, food safety is no longer considered as a domestic issue. The WTO has specified that development of modern food control and safety programs by national Governments are needed. Food quality refers not only to end product parameters but also to process control. The Central Government has started a Project for Food Safety and Quality Control of Drugs with aid from World Bank.
Over 68 per cent of milk sold in the country does not conform to the standards set by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), the Centre had told the Supreme Court on a plea for checking sale of synthetic and adulterated milk and various dairy products.
The submission has been made by the Centre in its affidavit which referred to a survey conducted by the FSSAI, which had found that over 68 per cent of the "non-conforming" milk was found in urban areas, 66 per cent of which was loose milk.
We often find that food we used to traditionally eat was the most appropriate for our health. There are efforts going on in the country to promote traditional food items. Annam being held in Kochi is one such endeavour.                      

Thursday, November 26, 2015

Why do prices rise periodically

                                                  K R Sudhaman 


Onion and pulses prices soar periodically in India and that too ahead of elections bringing tears to common man and deny much needed protein for growth to the poor. This happens despite the fact that the production has increased substantially in the country. Onion production has doubled in the last 7-8 years to 190 lakh tonnes. The pulses production might not grown that rapidly but India is the largest production of pulses at 19.5 million tonnes. The country is also the largest importer of pulses at 3.5 million tonnes.

In onion the wastage is around 30-40 lakh tonnes every year. The shortfall during years of crop failure or destruction of standing onion crops due to floods or unseasonal rails is usually not more than 10 lakh tonnes. When this shortfall is not bridged prices skyrocket and political parties take advantage of it. Sometimes shortfall is engineered to manipulate prices. If only the country manages save just 25-30 per cent of the wastage through better cold storage facility, the supply can be regulated preventing any spurt in prices. Unfortunately this does not happen in the country as it prevents traders and political bosses to reap benefit from price manipulations.

In the case of pulses the problem is more complex. India is the only country which consumes huge quantity of pulses as it is perhaps the major source of cheap protein, particularly for vegetarians. Here the problem is there is no incentive for farmers to increase production of pulses unlike in rice and wheat where minimum support prices is increased substantially disproportionate to the increase in input costs. This disincentivise farmers from producing pulses as there is also no proper procurement policy for pulses like in the case of food grains, where the country has stocks, which is three times more the buffer required to meet any contingency at around 60 million tonnes. One of the reasons the BJP lost the recent Bihar assembly elections because of the soaring prices of pulses, which touched Rs 200 a kilo. Rightly government has thought of creating a buffer now for pulses. The agriculture ministry has now decided to create a buffer of 50,000 tonnes of pulses using the market stablisation fund. The new pulses crops start coming into the market from January and government would start creation through imported pulses from that month. Initially it will import 10,000 tonnes. This makes sense as when India imports huge quantity during shortage global prices of pulses soar as it happened recently. The prices of imported pulses, which was around $700 per tonne in August rose to $1900 a tonne in October when India imported huge quantity to meet the shortfall to stablise prices. Another problem with pulses not many countries produce pulses apart from India. It is produced only in Myanmar and certain varieties like chik-pea in Australia and Canada. So imported pulses is not available all that easily.

As a permanent solution India needed to encourage Indian farmers to produce more pulses on a mission mode shifting some of the surplus rice and wheat production to pulse through incentives like higher MSP and so on. Also private Indian businessmen could buy huge quantity of land in Africa, particularly East Africa which is conducive for growing pulses. The quantity produced produced there could brought to India to create much needed buffer bringing about price stability. President Pranab Mukherjee, gave some incentives for increasing pulses production in Eastern India when he was Finance Minister. That did help in marginally increasing pulses production in subsequent years but unfortunately that programme has appraently not been sustained and expanded. There is also scope for increasing yield of pulses in the country as it is usually grown only in arid region. If it is grown irrigated area, the yield automatically increases, but farmers prefers to grow rice and wheat as it ensure assured and remunerative prices. Government should therefore come out with some incentives to farmers to shift to pulses cultivation in some of their irrigated land in the country.

Rating agency Crisil has said in a recent report that there is a clear pattern of a spike in pulses inflation every third year, though this year the peak is higher than the last two peaks, with wholesale price index (WPI)-based inflation already crossing 34 per cent average so far.

It said this year’s spike can be explained by supply side shocks, mainly from deficient monsoon and higher global prices, while various other factors – such as drought and delayed rains, high growth, shift toward protein consumption and demand pushed up by higher rural wages due to NREGA – can explain the previous spikes.
Though pulses is grown in all seasons, rabi and kharif. Its shorter variety is grown during the intermediate season, thereby there is a three crop every year. But in India it is mostly a rabi crop and four states, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh account for 70 per cent of the production. But pulses is grown in most parts of the country in smaller quantity.

Crisil report noted that while food prices were the biggest contributor to the decline in the consumer price inflation (CPI), pulses inflation had seen the sharpest spike in a decade. The CPI and WPI inflation for pulses was 42.2 per cent and 53 per cent, respectively, in October.

This statistics reveals more than what they hide. It is certainly a wake up call for the government to act to deal with this problem, which is not insurmountable. But the question is will the government have the political will as price manipulations benefits traders and political parties to the deteriment of common man. Anyway Narentdra Modi government has made a beginning by deciding to create a buffer of pulses and one only hope it is carried forward to bring about price stability. It would augur well for common man, if onion is tackled on a permanent basis to provide relief to common man.

 (K. R Sudhaman, who has 40 years of experience in journalism in currently Editor, SMEpost.com and has been Editor in Press Trust of India, TickerNews and Financial Chronicle)

Wednesday, November 11, 2015

рдЫोреЬ рдХрд░ рдХुрдЫ рд╕рд╡ाрд▓, рд▓ौрдЯ рдЖрдИ рдоैрдЧी

                                           рдЖрд╢ीрд╖ рдХुंрдоाрд░ рдЕंрд╢ु

рдЬрдм рдПрдХ рдХंрдкрдиी рдкрд░ рдк्рд░рддिрдмंрдз рд▓рдЧे рдФрд░ рдЫрд╣ рдорд╣ीрдиे рдмाрдж рд╡рд╣ рдмाрдЬाрд░ рдоें рдЗрд╕ рддрд░рд╣ рдЙрддрд░ рдЖрдП рдЬैрд╕े рдХुрдЫ рд╣ुрдЖ рдирд╣ीं рдеा рдлिрд░ рд╕рдоाрдЬ рдХे рдмीрдЪ рдПрдХ рдЧрд▓рдд рд╕ंрджेрд╢ рдЬाрддा рд╣ै। рдЬрдм рдХंрдкрдиी рдХे рдкिрдЫे рдПрдХ рдмрд╣ुрд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░ीрдп рдЬрдирд╕ंрдкрд░्рдХ рдХंрдкрдиी рд╣ो рддो рдпрд╣ рд╕ंрджेрд╣ рдФрд░ рдЧрд╣рд░ा рд╣ो рдЬाрддा рд╣ै।

рджीрдкाрд╡рд▓ी рдкрд░ рдоैрдЧी рдХी рд╡ाрдкрд╕ी рдмाрдЬाрд░ рдоें рдПрдХ рдмाрд░ рдлिрд░ рд╕े рд╣ुрдИ рд╣ै। рджो рдоिрдирдЯ рдоें рдмрдирдиे рд╡ाрд▓ी рдоैрдЧी рдХी рдк्рд░рддिрдмंрдз рдХे рдмाрдж рд╡ाрдкрд╕ी рдоें рдкूрд░े рдЫрд╣ рдорд╣ीрдиे рдХा рд╡рдХ्рдд рд▓рдЧा। рдоैрдЧी рд╕्рд╡ीрдЯ्рдЬрд░рд▓ैंрдб рдХी рдХंрдкрдиी рдиेрд╕рд▓े рдЬो рджुрдиिрдпा рдХी рд╕рдмрд╕े рдмреЬी рдкैрдХेрдЬ्рдб рдлूрдб рдХी рдХंрдкрдиी рд╣ै, рдХा рдЙрдд्рдкाрдж рд╣ै।
 30 рдЕрдк्рд░ैрд▓ рдХो рдоैрдЧी рд╡िрд╡ाрдж рдоीрдбिрдпा рдоें рдЖрдпा। рдЦрдмрд░ рдпрд╣ рдеी рдХि рдоैрдЧी рдХे рдирдоूрдиे рдоें рд▓ेрдб рдФрд░ рдПрдордПрд╕рдЬी (рдоोрдиो рд╕ोрдбिрдпрдо рдЧ्рд▓ूрдЯрдоेрдЯ) рдЬрд░ूрд░рдд рд╕े рдЕрдзिрдХ рдкाрдпा рдЧрдпा рд╣ै। рд▓рдЦрдирдК рдоें рдЖрдзिрдХाрд░िрдХ рддौрд░ рдкрд░ рдХंрдкрдиी рдХो рдЕрдкрдиा рдоाрд▓ рд╕рдоेрдЯ рдХрд░ рд╡ाрдкрд╕ рд▓े рдЬाрдиे рдХा рдиिрд░्рджेрд╢ рдоिрд▓ा। рдЙрд╕рдХे рдмाрдж рдоीрдбिрдпा рдоें рдоैрдЧी рдж्рд╡ाрд░ा рдЕрдкрдиा рдоाрд▓ рд╡ाрдкрд╕ рдоंрдЧाрдП рдЬाрдиे рдФрд░ рдЙрд╕े рдирд╖्рдЯ рдХिрдП рдЬाрдиे рдХी рдЦрдмрд░ рдЖрддी рд░рд╣ी рд▓ेрдХिрди рдкूрд░े рдПрдХ рдорд╣ीрдиे рддрдХ рдоैрдЧी рдиे рдоीрдбिрдпा рд╕े рдмाрддрдЪीрдд рдирд╣ंी рдХी। рдПрдХ рдорд╣ीрдиे рдмाрдж рдоीрдбिрдпा рдХे рд╕ाрдордиे рдиेрд╕рд▓े рдХे рд╕ीрдИрдУ рдкॉрд▓ рдмुрд▓рдХे рдХा рдмрдпाрди рдЖрдпा- ‘рдоैрдЧी рд╕ुрд░рдХ्рд╖िрдд рд╣ै।’
рдЬрдм рдкॉрд▓ рдоीрдбिрдпा рдХो рдпрд╣ рдЖрд╢्рд╡рд╕्рдд рдХрд░ рд░рд╣े рдеे рдХि рдоैрдЧी рд╕ुрд░рдХ्рд╖िрдд рд╣ै। рдЙрд╕ рджौрд░ाрди рдПрдХ рдХे рдмाрдж рдПрдХ рд░ाрдЬ्рдп рдоें рдоैрдЧी рдкрд░ рдк्рд░рддिрдмंрдз рд▓рдЧ рд░рд╣ा рдеा। 
рдоैрдЧी рдХे рдк्рд░рддिрдмंрдзिрдд рд╣ोрдиे рдХे рдмाрдж рдиूрдбрд▓्рд╕ рдХा рдПрдХ рдмреЬा рдмाрдЬाрд░ рджेрд╢ рд╕े рдЦाрд▓ी рд╣ुрдЖ। рдкрд╣рд▓े рдиूрдбрд▓्рд╕ рдХे рдЗрд╕ рдмाрдЬाрд░ рдкрд░ рдоैрдЧी рд╕े рдЯрдХрд░ाрдиे рд╡ाрд▓ी рдХोрдИ рдмреЬी рдХंрдкрди рдирд╣ीं рдеी। рдоैрдЧी рдкрд░ рдк्рд░рддिрдмंрдз рдХे рдмाрдж рдиेрдкाрд▓ рд╕े рд╡ाрдИ рд╡ाрдИ рдиूрдбрд▓्рд╕ рднाрд░рдд рдЖрдпा рдФрд░ рдмाрдмा рд░ाрдорджेрд╡ рдиे рдкाрддंрдЬрд▓ी рд╕े рдиूрдбрд▓्рд╕ рддैрдпाрд░ рдХिрдпा। рд▓рдЧрднрдЧ рдЖрдзा рджрд░्рдЬрди рдирдИ рдХंрдкрдиिрдпां рдмाрдЬाрд░ рдоें рдиूрдбрд▓्рд╕ рдмेрдЪрдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдЙрддрд░ рдЖрдИ। рдЕрдм рдЧ्рд░ाрд╣рдХों рдХे рдкाрд╕ рд╡िрдХрд▓्рдк рдмреЭ рдЧрдпा рдеा। рдЬрдм рдмाрдЬाрд░ рдоें рдоैрдЧी рдеी рддो рдЖрдо рддौрд░ рдкрд░ рдЧ्рд░ाрд╣рдХ рд╡िрдХрд▓्рдкों рдХी рддрд░рдл рджेрдЦрддे рдирд╣ीं рдеे। 
рдоैрдЧी рдХी рд╡ाрдкрд╕ी рдоें рдмреЬी рднूрдоिрдХा рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХा рдХी рдЬрдирд╕ंрдкрд░्рдХ рдХंрдкрдиी рдПрдкрдХो рдХी рдоाрдиी рдЬा рд░рд╣ी рд╣ै। рдПрдкрдХो рд╕े рдкрд╣рд▓े рдЬрдирд╕ंрдкрд░्рдХ рдХा рдХाрдо рдиेрд╕рд▓े рдХे рд▓िрдП рдПрдкिрдХ рджेрдЦрддा рдеा। рдПрдкрдХो рд╡рд╣ी рдХंрдкрдиी рд╣ै рдЬिрд╕рдиे рдирд░ेрди्рдж्рд░ рдоोрджी рдХी 2002 рдХे рд╕ाрдо्рдк्рд░рджाрдпिрдХ рджंрдЧों рд╡ाрд▓ी рдЫрд╡ि рдоें рд╕ुрдзाрд░ рд▓ाрдХрд░ рдЙрди्рд╣ें рд╡िрдХाрд╕ рдкुрд░ुрд╖ рдХे рддौрд░ рдкрд░ рд╕्рдеाрдкिрдд рдХрд░рдиे рдоें рдорджрдж рдХी। рдмрддाрдпा рдЬा рд░рд╣ा рд╣ै рдХि рдоैрдЧी рдХो рдоुрд╕ीрдмрдд рд╕े рдиिрдХाрд▓рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдПрдкрдХो рдиे рд╢्рд░ीрд▓ंрдХा рд╕े рдЕрдкрдиी рдХрд░्рдордЪाрд░ी рд╢िрд╡ाрдиी рд╣ेрдЧреЬे рдХो рд╡िрд╢ेрд╖ рддौрд░ рд╕े рдЗрд╕ рдХाрдо рдХे рд▓िрдП рднाрд░рдд рдмुрд▓ाрдпा। 
рддाрдЬा рдЦрдмрд░ рдпрд╣ рд╣ै рдХि рдоैрдЧी рдХे рд╕рднी рдЫрд╣ рдк्рд░рдХाрд░ рдХे 90 рдирдоूрдиों рдоें рд▓ेрдб рд╕ुрд░рдХ्рд╖िрдд рдоाрдд्рд░ा рдоें рдкाрдпा рдЧрдпा। рддीрди рдк्рд░рдпोрдЧрд╢ाрд▓ाрдЖंे рдоें рдоैрдЧी рдиे рд╕рднी рдкрд░ीрдХ्рд╖ाрдПं рдкाрд╕ рдХрд░ рд▓ी рд╣ै। рдоुрдо्рдмрдИ рдЙрдЪ्рдЪ рди्рдпाрдпाрд▓рдп рдиे рдоैрдЧी рдХे рдкрдХ्рд╖ рдоें рдЕрдкрдиी рдмाрдд рдХрд╣ी рд╣ै। рдЕрдм рдХрд░्рдиाрдЯрдХ рдФрд░ рдЧुрдЬрд░ाрдд рдХी рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рдиे рдЙрд╕рдХे рдмाрдж рдоैрдЧी рд╕े рдк्рд░рддिрдмंрдз рд╣рдЯाрдиे рдХा рдиिрд░्рдгрдп рд▓े рд▓िрдпा рд╣ै। 
рдоैрдЧी рдХी рд╡ाрдкрд╕ी рдХा рд╣рдоें рд╕्рд╡ाрдЧрдд рдХрд░рдиा рдЪाрд╣िрдП рд▓ेрдХिрди рдЙрдд्рдкाрдж рдХी рдЧुрдгрд╡рдд्рддा рд╕े рдХिрд╕ी рддрд░рд╣ рдХे рд╕рдордЭौрддे рдХे рд▓िрдП рд╣рдоें рддैрдпाрд░ рдирд╣ीं рд╣ोрдиा рдЪाрд╣िрдП। рдоैрдЧी рдХो рдмाрдЬाрд░ рдоें рд▓ाрдиे рдоें рдПрдкрдХो рдХी рднूрдоिрдХा рдХो рд▓ेрдХрд░ рдХрдИ рддрд░рд╣ рдХे рд╕рд╡ाрд▓ рд╕ोрд╢рд▓ рдоीрдбिрдпा рдоें рдЙрда рд░рд╣े рд╣ैं। рдпрд╣ рдмाрдд рднी рдЖрдИ рдХि рдоैрдЧी рдХ्рдпा рдмाрдЬाрд░ рдоें рдЙрд╕ рдЙрдд्рдкाрдж рдХो рднी рд▓ा рд╕рдХрддा рд╣ै рдЬो рдкुрд░ाрдиे рд╕्рдЯॉрдХ рдХा рд╣ै рдФрд░ рдХिрд╕ी рдХाрд░рдг рд╡рд╢ рдЬिрд╕े рдЕрдм рддрдХ рдирд╖्рдЯ рдирд╣ीं рдХिрдпा рдЧрдпा।
рднाрд░рдд рдоें рдЧुрдгрд╡рдд्рддा рдиिрдпंрдд्рд░рдг рд░рдЦрдиे рд╡ाрд▓ी рд╕ंрд╕्рдеाрдУं рдХो рдЦाрдж्рдп рд╕ाрдордЧ्рд░िрдпों рдХे рдирдоूрдиों рдХी рдиिрдпрдоिрдд рдЬांрдЪ рдХрд░ाрдиी рдЪाрд╣िрдП। рдЗрд╕ рдмाрдд рдХा рднी рдЦ्рдпाрд▓ рд░рдЦрдиा рдЪाрд╣िрдП рдХि рдирдоूрдиा рдХिрд╕ी рдПрдХ рдЬрдЧрд╣ рд╕े рдмाрд░ рдмाрд░ рдЗрдХрдЯ्рдаा рдХिрдпा рдЧрдпा рдиा рд╣ो। рдЙрди्рд╣ंे рдирдоूрдиा рдЕрд▓рдЧ рдЕрд▓рдЧ рдЬрдЧрд╣ों рд╕े рдЗрдХрдЯ्рдаा рдХрд░рдиा рдЪाрд╣िрдП। 
рдпрд╣ рднी рд╕ुрдиिрд╢्рдЪिрдд рд╣ोрдиा рдЪाрд╣िрдП рдХि рдпрджि рдХोрдИ рдХंрдкрдиी рдЦाрдиे рдкीрдиे рдХी рд╕ाрдордЧ्рд░ी рдоें рдоिрд▓ाрд╡рдЯ рдХрд░рддी рд╣ुрдИ рдпा рдЧ्рд░ाрд╣рдХों рдХे рд╕ेрд╣рдд рд╕े рдЦिрд▓рд╡ाреЬ рдХрд░рддी рд╣ुрдИ рдкाрдИ рдЬाрддी рд╣ै рддो рдЙрд╕рдХे рдЦिрд▓ाрдл рдХреЬी рд╕े рдХреЬी рдХाрд░्рдпрд╡ाрдпी рд╣ोрдЧी। рдЬрдм рдПрдХ рдХंрдкрдиी рдкрд░ рдк्рд░рддिрдмंрдз рд▓рдЧे рдФрд░ рдЫрд╣ рдорд╣ीрдиे рдмाрдж рд╡рд╣ рдмाрдЬाрд░ рдоें рдЗрд╕ рддрд░рд╣ рдЙрддрд░ рдЖрдП рдЬैрд╕े рдХुрдЫ рд╣ुрдЖ рдирд╣ीं рдеा рдлिрд░ рд╕рдоाрдЬ рдХे рдмीрдЪ рдПрдХ рдЧрд▓рдд рд╕ंрджेрд╢ рдЬाрддा рд╣ै। рдЬрдм рдХंрдкрдиी рдХे рдкिрдЫे рдПрдХ рдмрд╣ुрд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░ीрдп рдЬрдирд╕ंрдкрд░्рдХ рдХंрдкрдиी рд╣ो рддो рдпрд╣ рд╕ंрджेрд╣ рдФрд░ рдЧрд╣рд░ा рд╣ो рдЬाрддा рд╣ै।
рдЕрдм рдиूрдбрд▓्рд╕ рдХो рд▓ेрдХрд░ рднाрд░рдд рдоें рдЙрдкрднोрдХ्рддा рдХे рдкाрд╕ рд╡िрдХрд▓्рдк рд╣ै। рдЬрд░ूрд░рдд рд╣ै рдХि рд╡рд╣ рд╕ोрдЪ рд╕рдордЭ рдХрд░ рдЦрд░ीрджрджाрд░ी рдХрд░े рдХ्рдпोंрдХि рд╣рдо рд╕рдм рдЬाрдирддे рд╣ैं рд╕ाрд╡рдзाрдиी рд╣рдЯी, рджुрд░्рдШрдЯрдиा рдШрдЯी।

Wednesday, October 28, 2015

рдХिрд╕ाрдиों рдХो рдмेрд╣рддрд░ рджाрдо рд╣ै рджाрд▓ рд╕ंрдХрдЯ рдХा рд╣рд▓

             рд╣рд░рд╡ीрд░ рд╕िंрд╣

рд╢ाрдХाрд╣ाрд░ी рдмрд╣ुрд╕ंрдЦ्рдпрдХ рдЖрдмाрджी рд╡ाрд▓े рд╣рдоाрд░े рджेрд╢ рдоें рдк्рд░ोрдЯीрди рдХे рд╕рдмрд╕े рдмрдб़े рд╕्рд░ोрдд рджाрд▓ рдХी рдк्рд░рддि рд╡्рдпрдХ्рддि рдЙрдкрд▓рдм्рдзрддा рдоें рд▓рдЧाрддाрд░ рдХрдоी рдЖрдИ рд╣ै

рджाрд▓ рдХी рдХीрдорддों рдоें рдПрдХ рд╕ाрд▓ рдХे рднीрддрд░ рдбेрдв़ рд╕ौ рдлीрд╕рджी рддрдХ рдХी рдмрдв़ोрддрд░ी рдиे рджेрд╢ рдоें рд╕िрдпाрд╕ी рдкाрд░े рдХो рдЖрд╕рдоाрди рдкрд░ рдкрд╣ुंрдЪा рджिрдпा рд╣ै। рджाрд▓ рдХेंрдж्рд░ рдХी рдПрдирдбीрдП рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рдХे рд▓िрдП рд╡рд╣ी рдХрд░ рд░рд╣ी рд╣ै рдЬो рдк्рдпाрдЬ рдХी рдХीрдорддें рдкिрдЫрд▓ी рдХрдИ рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ों рдХे рд▓िрдП рдХрд░ рдЪुрдХी рд╣ैं। рдРрд╕ा рдирд╣ीं рд╣ै рдХि рджाрд▓ рдХी рдХीрдорддें рдЕрдЪрдиाрдХ 60-70 рд░ुрдкрдпे рдк्рд░рддि рдХिрд▓ो рдХे 200 рд░ुрдкрдпे рдк्рд░рддि рдХिрд▓ो рдХो рдкाрд░ рдХрд░ рдЧрдИ। рдЗрд╕рдХे рдкीрдЫे рдЬрд╣ां рджेрд╢ рдоें рдХृрд╖ि рдЙрдд्рдкाрджрди рдХो рд▓ेрдХрд░ рдиीрддिрдЧрдд рд╡िрдлрд▓рддा рд╣ै рд╡рд╣ीं рдЬрдоाрдЦोрд░ों рдФрд░ рджाрд▓ рдиिрд░्рдпाрддрдХ рджेрд╢ों рдиे рдЗрд╕ рдоोрд░्рдЪे рдкрд░ рдЖрдЧ рдоें рдШी рдХा рдХाрдо рдХिрдпा рд╣ै।
рд╕рдмрд╕े рдЪौंрдХाрдиे рд╡ाрд▓ी рдмाрдд рдпрд╣ рд╣ै рдХि рднрд▓े рд╣ी рд╣рдо рд╣рд░िрдд рдХ्рд░ांрддि рдХे рдЪрд▓рддे рдЦाрдж्рдпाрди्рди рдиिрд░्рдпाрддрдХ рджेрд╢ рдмрди рдЧрдпे рд╣ों рд▓ेрдХिрди рджेрд╢ рдоें рджाрд▓ рдХे рдЙрдд्рдкाрджрди рдоें рд╣рдо рд▓рдЧाрддाрд░ рдлिрд╕рдб्рдбी рдмрдиे рд░рд╣े рд╣ैं। рд╢ाрдХाрд╣ाрд░ी рдмрд╣ुрд╕ंрдЦ्рдпрдХ рдЖрдмाрджी рд╡ाрд▓े рд╣рдоाрд░े рджेрд╢ рдоें рдк्рд░ोрдЯीрди рдХे рд╕рдмрд╕े рдмрдб़े рд╕्рд░ोрдд рджाрд▓ рдХी рдк्рд░рддि рд╡्рдпрдХ्рддि рдЙрдкрд▓рдм्рдзрддा рдоें рд▓рдЧाрддाрд░ рдХрдоी рдЖрдИ рд╣ै। рд╕ाрда рдХे рджрд╢рдХ рдоें рджेрд╢ рдоें рдк्рд░рддि рд╡्рдпрдХ्рддि 65 рдЧ्рд░ाрдо рджाрд▓ рдк्рд░рддि рджिрди рдЙрдкрд▓рдм्рдз рдеी рд▓ेрдХिрди рдЕрдм рдпрд╣ рдЖрдзे рд╕े рднी рдХрдо рд╣ोрдХрд░ рдоाрдд्рд░ 32 рдЧ्рд░ाрдо рдк्рд░рддि рд╡्рдпрдХ्рддि рдк्рд░рддिрджिрди рд░рд╣ рдЧрдИ рд╣ै।  рдЙрдд्рдкाрджрди рдХे рдоाрдорд▓े рдоें 200 рд▓ाрдЦ рдЯрди рдХे рдЖंрдХрдб़े рдХो рдкाрд░ рдирд╣ीं рдХрд░ рдкाрддे рд╣ैं рдФрд░ рд╣рд░ рд╕ाрд▓ 30 рд╕े 50 рд▓ाрдЦ рдЯрди рджाрд▓ рдХा рдЖрдпाрдд рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं। рджेрд╢ рдоें рдХрд░ीрдм рдвाрдИ рдХрд░ोрдб़ рд╣ैрдХ्рдЯेрдпрд░ рдоें рджाрд▓ рдХा рдЙрдд्рдкाрджрди рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै рд▓ेрдХिрди рдЗрд╕рдоें рдоें 20 рдлीрд╕рджी рд╕े рднी рдХрдо рд╕िंрдЪिрдд рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░рдлрд▓ рд╣ै рдФрд░ рджाрд▓ рд╣рдоेрд╢ा рдПрдХ рдЙрдкेрдХ्рд╖िрдд рдлрд╕рд▓ рдХी рддрд░рд╣ рдмрдиी рд░рд╣ी рд╣ै। рдкिрдЫрд▓े рд╕ाрд▓ рджेрд╢ рдоें рдХрдордЬोрд░ рдоाрдирд╕ूрди рд░рд╣ा рдФрд░ рджाрд▓ рдХा рдЙрдд्рдкाрджрди 2013-14 рдХे 192.5 рд▓ाрдЦ рдЯрди  рдХे рдоुрдХाрдмрд▓े 2014-15 рдоें рдШрдЯрдХрд░ 172 рд▓ाрдЦ рдЯрди рд░рд╣ рдЧрдпा। рдЗрд╕рдХे рдмाрдж рдЪाрд▓ू рд╕ाрд▓ рдоें рднी рдоाрдирд╕ूрди рдЦрд░ाрдм рд░рд╣ा рдФрд░ рдЗрд╕ рд╕ाрд▓ (2015-16) рдХे рдЦрд▒ीрдл рд╕ीрдЬрди рдоें рдЙрдд्рдкाрджрди рдФрд░ рдШрдЯा рд╣ै।
рдЕрдм рд╕рд╡ाрд▓ рдЙрдарддा рд╣ै рдХि рдЬрдм рдкिрдЫрд▓े рд╕ाрд▓ рдХрд░ीрдм 50 рд▓ाрдЦ рдЯрди рджाрд▓ рдХा рдЖрдпाрдд рдХिрдпा рдЧрдпा рдеा рддो рдЗрд╕ рд╕ाрд▓ рдпрд╣ рдЖрдпाрдд 70 рд▓ाрдЦ рдЯрди рддो рд╣ोрдиा рд╣ी рдЪाрд╣िрдП рдеा рддाрдХि рдЖрдкूрд░्рддि рдХो рдкिрдЫрд▓े рд╕ाрд▓ рдХे рд╕्рддрд░ рдкрд░ рдмрд░рдХрд░ाрд░ рд░рдЦा рдЬा рд╕рдХे। рдФрд░ рдпрд╣ीं рдкрд░ рдмрдб़ी рдЪूрдХ рд╣ुрдИ рд╣ै। рдЦाрд╕ рдмाрдд рдпрд╣ рд╣ै рдХि рд╡िрд╢्рд╡ рдоें рднाрд░рдд рджाрд▓ों рдХा рд╕рдмрд╕े рдмрдб़ा рдЙрдд्рдкाрджрдХ, рдЖрдпाрддрдХ рдФрд░ рдЙрдкрднोрдХ्рддा рддीрдиों рд╣ै। рд╡िрд╢्рд╡ рдоें рдХрд░ीрдм рд╕ाрдд рдХрд░ोрдб़ рдЯрди рджाрд▓ों рдХा рдЙрдд्рдкाрджрди рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै рдФрд░ рдЗрд╕рдоें рдХрд░ीрдм рдбेрдв़ рдХрд░ोрдб़ рдЯрди рдХा рд╣ी рд╡ैрд╢्рд╡िрдХ рдХाрд░ोрдмाрд░ рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै। рдпाрдиी рдЗрд╕ рд╕ाрд▓ рдЕрдХेрд▓े рднाрд░рдд рд╣ी рдЗрд╕рдоें рд╕े рдЖрдзे рдХा рдЖрдпाрддрдХ рд╣ो рд╕рдХрддा рд╣ै। рдРрд╕े рдоें рджाрдо рдмрдв़рдиा рд╣ी рдеा।
рджेрд╢ рдоें рджाрд▓ों рдХे рдЖрдпाрддрдХों рдХी рдПрдХ рдордЬрдмूрдд рд▓ॉрдмी рд╣ै рдФрд░ рдЙрдирдХी рдПрд╕ोрд╕िрдПрд╢рди рд╣ै। рдЬрдм рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рдХो рдкрддा рдеा рдХि рдЗрд╕ рд╕ाрд▓ рдЖрдкूрд░्рддि рдХा рд╕ंрдХрдЯ рд╣ै рддो рд╕рдордп рд╕े рджाрд▓ рдЖрдпाрдд рдХी рд░рдгрдиीрддि рдХ्рдпों рдирд╣ीं рдмрдиाрдИ рдЧрдИ। рд╕ाрде рд╣ी рджेрд╢ рдоें рдХрдордЬोрд░ рдЙрдд्рдкाрджрди рдХा рдлाрдпрджा рдиिрд░्рдпाрддрдХों рдФрд░ рдШрд░ेрд▓ू рдЖрдпाрддрдХों рдиे рдЙрдаाрдпा। рд╡ैрд╢्рд╡िрдХ рдмाрдЬाрд░ рдоें рдЕрд░рд╣рд░ рджाрд▓ рдХी рдХीрдордд рдХрд░ीрдм рддीрди рдЧुрдиा рдмрдв़рдХрд░ 2000 рдбॉрд▓рд░ рдк्рд░рддि рдЯрди рдХो рдкाрд░ рдХрд░ рдЧрдИ। рдЗрд╕ी рддрд░рд╣ рдЙрдб़рдж рдФрд░ рдоूंрдЧ рдХी рдХीрдордд рднी рджो рдЧुрдиा рд╕े рдЬ्рдпाрджा рд╣ो рдЧрдИ। рд╣рдо рджाрд▓ों рдХा рдЖрдпाрдд рдо्рдпाрдоाрд░, рджрдХ्рд╖िрдг рдЕрдл्рд░ीрдХा, рдХрдиाрдбा рдФрд░ рдЖрд╕्рдЯ्рд░ेрд▓िрдпा рд╕े рдХрд░рддे рд╣ैं। рджिрд▓рдЪрд╕्рдк рдмाрдд рдпрд╣ рд╣ै рдХि рд╡рд╣ां рднी рд╣рдоाрд░े рджेрд╢ рдХे рдХрдИ рдм़рдб़े рдХाрд░ोрдмाрд░ी рд╕рдХ्рд░िрдп рд╣ैं। рдЕрдЧрд░ рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ी рдПрдЬेंрд╕िрдпां рдмेрдоौрд╕рдо рдмाрд░िрд╢ рд╕े рд░рдмी рдлрд╕рд▓ рдХे рдЦрд░ाрдм рд╣ोрдиे рдХे рд╕ाрде рд╣ी рджाрд▓ рдЖрдпाрдд рдХे рд▓िрдП рд╕рдХ्рд░िрдп рд╣ो рдЬाрддी рддो рдпрд╣ рд╕ंрдХрдЯ рдкैрджा рдирд╣ीं рд╣ोрддा। рдЕрдм рджो рд╣рдЬाрд░ рдФрд░ рдкांрдЪ рд╣рдЬाрд░ рдЯрди рдХे рдЖрдпाрдд рдХी рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ी рд╡िрдЬ्рдЮрдк्рддिрдпों рдХा рдХोрдИ рдЕрд╕рд░ рдмाрдЬाрд░ рдкрд░ рдирд╣ीं рд╣ो рд░рд╣ा рд╣ै। рд░рд╣ी рд╕рд╣ी рдХрдоी рдЬрдоाрдЦोрд░ों рдФрд░ рдмрдб़े рд░िрдЯेрд▓ рдХाрд░ोрдмाрд░िрдпों рдиे рдкूрд░ी рдХрд░ рджी। рд╕рднी рдиे рдХाрд░्рдЯेрд▓ рдХी рддрд░рд╣ рдХीрдорддों рдоें рдЗрдЬाрдлा рдХिрдпा рдХ्рдпोंрдХि рдмाрдЬाрд░ рдоें рджाрд▓ рддो рдЙрдкрд▓рдм्рдз рд░рд╣ी рд▓ेрдХिрди рдХीрдорддें рдЕрдк्рд░рдд्рдпाрд╢िрдд рд░ूрдк рд╕े рдмрдв़рддी рдЪрд▓ी рдЧрдИ।
рдЖрдЗрдП рдЬाрдирддे рд╣ैं рдХि рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рдиे рджाрд▓ рдХी рдХीрдорддों рдХो рдХрдо рдХрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдХ्рдпा рдХрджрдо рдЙрдаाрдпे.рдПрдХ्рд╕рдкोрд░्рдЯ рдкрд░ рдк्рд░рддिрдмंрдз рд▓рдЧाрдпा рдФрд░ рдл्рдпूрдЪрд░ рдЯ्рд░ेрдбिंрдЧ рд░ोрдХ рд▓рдЧाрдИ рдЧрдИ। рдЗंрдкोрд░्рдЯ рдкрд░ рд▓рдЧрдиे рд╡ाрд▓ी рдб्рдпूрдЯी рдХो рдЬीрд░ो рдХрд░ рджिрдпा। 500 рдХрд░ोрдб़ рд░ुрдкрдП рдХे рдк्рд░ाрдЗрд╕ рд╕्рдЯैрдмिрд▓ाрдЗрдЬेрд╢рди рдлंрдб рдХे рдЬрд░िрдпे рд╕рдм्рд╕िрдбी рджी।  рдЬрдоाрдЦोрд░ों рдФрд░ рдХाрд▓ाрдмाрдЬाрд░ी рдкрд░ рд▓рдЧाрдо рд▓рдЧाрдиे рдХी рдХрд╡ाрдпрдж рдХी рдЧрдИ। рд╕्рдЯॉрдХ рд╣ोрд▓्рдбिंрдЧ рд▓िрдоिрдЯ рд▓ाрдЧू рдХрд░ рд░ाрдЬ्рдпों рдХो рдЬрдоाрдЦोрд░ों рдХे рдЦिрд▓ाрдл рдХाрд░्рд░рд╡ाрдИ рдХा рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░ рджिрдпा। рд▓ेрдХिрди рдпрд╣ рдХрджрдо рджेрд░ рд╕े рдЙрдаाрдпे рдЬाрдиे рдХे рд╕ाрде рд╣ी рдХेрд╡рд▓ рддाрдд्рдХाрд▓िрдХ рд░ाрд╣рдд рд╡ाрд▓े рд╣ी рдХрджрдо рд╣ैं। рдЗрд╕рдХे рд╕्рдеाрдИ рд╣рд▓ рдХो рд▓ेрдХрд░ рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рдХी рдиीрдпрдд рд╕ाрдл рдирд╣ीं рд░рд╣ी рд╣ै।
 рдЕрд╕рд▓ рдоें рд╣рдо рд▓рдЧाрддाрд░ рджाрд▓ों рдХे рдШाрдЯे рдХो рдмрдв़ाрддे рдЬा рд░рд╣े рд╣ैं। рдЗрд╕рдХी рд╡рдЬрд╣ рдЙрдд्рдкाрджрди рдоें рдмрдв़ोрддрд░ी рдирд╣ीं рд╣ोрдиा рд╣ै। рджिрд▓рдЪрд╕्рдк рдмाрдд рдпрд╣ рд╣ै рдХि рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рдХрд╣ рд░рд╣ी рд╣ै рдХि рд╡рд╣ рджाрд▓ों рдХा рдмрдлрд░ рд╕्рдЯॉрдХ рдмрдиाрдПрдЧी। рдпрд╣ рд╕्рдЯॉрдХ рдЖрдпाрдд рд╕े рдмрдиेрдЧा। рд╕ंрдХрдЯ рдХो рджीрд░्рдШрдХाрд▓िрдХ рд░ूрдк рд╕े рд╣рд▓ рдХрд░рдиे рдХे рд▓िрдП рдпрд╣ рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рдХा рдПрдХрджрдо рдЧрд▓рдд рдХрджрдо рд╣ै। рд╡ैрд╢्рд╡िрдХ рд╕्рддрд░ рдкрд░ рдЗрд╕ рд╕рдордп рддрдоाрдо рдХृрд╖ि рдЙрдд्рдкाрджों рдЧेрд╣ूं, рдЪाрд╡рд▓, рдЪीрдиी, рдХрдкाрд╕ рдХी рдХीрдорддें рд░िрдХॉрд░्рдб рдиिрдЪрд▓े рд╕्рддрд░ рдкрд░ рдЪрд▓ рд░рд╣ी рд╣ैं рд▓ेрдХिрди рджाрд▓ рдоें рдЖрдЧ рд▓рдЧी рд╣ुрдИ рд╣ै। рдмेрд╣рддрд░ рд╣ोрдЧा рдХि рд╣рдо рджाрд▓ों рдХा рд░рдХрдмा рдмрдв़ाрдПं। рдЗрд╕ рд╕ाрд▓ рдХिрд╕ाрди рдмाрд╕рдорддी рдзाрди рдкрд░рдорд▓ рдзाрди рдХी рдХीрдордд рдкрд░ рдмेрдЪрдиे рдХो рдордЬрдмूрд░ рд╣ैं। рдЧрди्рдиा рдХिрд╕ाрдиों рдХा рджрд╕ рд╣рдЬाрд░ рдХрд░ोрдб़ рд░ुрдкрдпे рд╕े рдЬ्рдпाрджा рдХा рдмрдХाрдпा рд╣ै। рдЗрди рдХिрд╕ाрдиों рдХो рджाрд▓ рдЙрдд्рдкाрджрди рдХे рд▓िрдП рддैрдпाрд░ рдХिрдпा рдЬा рд╕рдХрддा рд╣ै рдХ्рдпोंрдХि рдпрд╣ рдлрд╕рд▓ें рд╕िंрдЪिрдд рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рдоें рд╣ो рд░рд╣ी рд╣ै। рджाрд▓ों рдХो рд╕िрдЪिंрдд рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ рдоें рд▓ाрдиे рд╕े рдЙрдд्рдкाрджрдХрддा рдоौрдЬूрджा 750 рдХिрд▓ो рдк्рд░рддि рд╣ैрдХ्рдЯेрдпрд░ рд╕े рдмрдв़рдХрд░ рджो рдЯрди рдк्рд░рддि рд╣ैрдХ्рдЯेрдпрд░ рддрдХ рдЬा рд╕рдХрддी рд╣ै। рд╣ैрджрд░ाрдмाрдж рд╕्рдеिрдд рдЗрдХ्рд░ीрд╕ेрдЯ рдХे рд╕ेंрдЯрд░ рдиे рджाрд▓ों рдХी рдХрдИ рд╣ाрдЗрдм्рд░िрдб рдк्рд░рдЬाрддिрдпां рд╡िрдХрд╕िрдд рдХी рд╣ैं рдЬिрдирдХी рдЙрдд्рдкाрджрдХрддा рднी рдЕрдзिрдХ рд╣ै рдФрд░ рдЗрдирдХी рд░ोрдЧ рд░ोрдзी рдХ्рд╖рдорддा рднी рдЬ्рдпाрджा рд╣ै। рд▓ेрдХिрди рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рдХो рдХिрд╕ाрдиों рдХो рдЖрд╢्рд╡рд╕्рдд рдХрд░рдиा рд╣ोрдЧा рдХि рджाрд▓ рдХी рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ी рдЦрд░ीрдж рд╣ोрдЧी рдФрд░ рд╡рд╣ рднी рдмेрд╣рддрд░ рд╕рдорд░्рдерди рдоूрд▓्рдп рдкрд░। рдРрд╕ा рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рдирд╣ीं рдХрд░ рд╕рдХी рд╣ै। рдЪाрд▓ू рдЦрд░ीрдл рд╕ीрдЬрди (2015-16) рдХे рд▓िрдП рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рдиे рдЕрд░рд╣рд░ рдФрд░ рдЙрдб़рдж рдХे рд╕рдорд░्рдерди рдоूрд▓्рдп рдоें рдХेрд╡рд▓ 75 рд░ुрдкрдпे рдХा рдЗрдЬाрдлा рдХिрдпा рдФрд░ 200 рд░ुрдкрдпे рдХा рдмोрдирд╕ рджेрдХрд░ рдЗрд╕े 4425 рд░ुрдкрдпे рдк्рд░рддि рдХ्рд╡िंрдЯрд▓ рдХिрдпा рд╣ै। рдЗрд╕ी рддрд░рд╣ рдоूंрдЧ рдХे рд╕рдорд░्рдерди рдоूрд▓्рдп рдоें рдХेрд╡рд▓ 50 рд░ुрдкрдпे рдХी рдмрдв़ोрддрд░ी рдХрд░ 200 рд░ुрдкрдпे рдмोрдирд╕ рдХे рд╕ाрде рдЗрд╕े 4850 рд░ुрдкрдпे рдк्рд░рддि рдХ्рд╡िंрдЯрд▓ рдХिрдпा рд╣ै। рд╡рд╣ीं рд░рдмी 2014-15 рдоें рдЪрдиा рдХा рд╕рд░्рдордерди рдоूрд▓्рдп рдХेрд╡рд▓ 75 рд░ुрдкрдпे рдмрдв़ाрдХрд░ 3175 рд░ुрдкрдпे рдФрд░ рдорд╕ूрд░ рдХा рд╕рдорд░्рдерди рдоूрд▓्рдп 125 рд░ुрдкрдпे рдмрдв़рдХाрд░ 3075 рд░ुрдкрдпे рдк्рд░рддि рдХ्рд╡िंрдЯрд▓ рдХिрдпा рдеा। рд▓ेрдХिрди рдЗрди рд╕рдмрдХे рд▓िрдП рдЙрдкрднोрдХ्рддा 150 рд╕े 200 рд░ुрдкрдпे рдк्рд░рддि рдХिрд▓ो рддрдХ рдЪुрдХा рд░рд╣ा рд╣ै। рдмेрд╣рддрд░ рд╣ोрдЧा рдХि рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ рддुрд░ंрдд рджाрд▓ों рдХा рд╕рдорд░्рдерди рдоूрд▓्рдп рдмрдв़ाрдХрд░ рдХिрд╕ाрдиों рдХो рдк्рд░ोрдд्рд╕ाрд╣िрдд рдХрд░े।  рдЕрдЧрд░ рдЗрд╕ рд╕рдордп рд╣рдо 130 рд░ुрдкрдпे рдХिрд▓ो рдХी рдЖрдпाрддिрдд рдЕрд░рд╣рд░ рджाрд▓ рдХे рд▓िрдП рд╡्рдпाрдкाрд░िрдпों рдФрд░ рд╡िрджेрд╢ी рдХिрд╕ाрдиों рдХी рдЬेрдм рднрд░ рд░рд╣े рд╣ैं рддो рдШрд░ेрд▓ू рдХिрд╕ाрдиों рдХे рдЬрд░िрдпे рдХ्рдпों рдирд╣ीं рдЗрд╕ рд╕ंрдХрдЯ рдХा рд╣рд▓ рдЦोрдЬ рд▓ेрддे рд╣ैं рдЬो рд╕рдмрд╕े рдЖрд╕ाрди рд╣ै।